c中如何修改成绩
2025-04-30 17:49:20
何老师
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在C语言中修改学生成绩可以通过多种方式实现，以下是常见的方法及示例代码：
一、使用数组存储成绩
基本实现
通过数组存储学生成绩，通过索引访问和修改元素。需注意数组大小固定，需动态管理容量。
```c
include
define MAX_SIZE 100
void modify_score(int scores[], int n, int index, int new_score) {
if (index >
= 0 && index < n) {
scores[index] = new_score;
} else {
printf("索引超出范围！n");
}
}
int main() {
int scores[MAX_SIZE] = {80, 78, 92};
int n = 3;
printf("当前成绩：");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%4d ", scores[i]);
}
printf("n");
int index, new_score;
printf("输入要修改的学生成绩索引（0-%d）及新分数：", n - 1);
scanf("%d %d", &index, &new_score);
modify_score(scores, n, index, new_score);
printf("修改后成绩：");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%4d ", scores[i]);
}
printf("n");
return 0;
}
```
动态数组扩展
若需动态添加成绩，可结合`realloc`函数调整数组大小。
二、使用链表存储成绩
链表适合动态管理数据，支持高效插入和删除操作。
```c
include
include
typedef struct Student {
int score;
struct Student* next;
} Student;
void modify_score(Node head, int index, int new_score) {
Node* current = *head;
Node* prev = NULL;
int count = 0;
while (current != NULL) {
if (count == index) {
current->
score = new_score;
return;
}
prev = current;
current = current->
next;
count++;
}
printf("索引超出范围！n");
}
void add_score(Node head, int score) {
Node* new_node = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
new_node->
score = score;
new_node->
next = *head;
*head = new_node;
}
void print_scores(Node* head) {
Node* current = head;
while (current != NULL) {
printf("%d ", current->
score);
current = current->
next;
}
printf("n");
}
int main() {
Node* head = NULL;
// 添加初始成绩
add_score(&head, 80);
add_score(&head, 78);
add_score(&head, 92);
printf("初始成绩：");
print_scores(head);
int index, new_score;
printf("输入要修改的学生成绩索引（0）及新分数：");
scanf("%d %d", &index, &new_score);
modify_score(&head, index, new_score);
printf("修改后成绩：");
print_scores(head);
// 释放链表内存
Node* current = head;
while (current != NULL) {
Node* temp = current;
current = current->
next;
free(temp);
}
return 0;
}
```
三、使用文件存储成绩
通过文件读写操作实现数据持久化。
```c
include
include
define MAX_STUDENTS 100
typedef struct Student {
int score;
char name;
} Student;
void modify_score_file(Student* students, int n, int index, int new_score) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i == index) {
students[i].score = new_score;
return;
}
}
printf("索引超出范围！n");
}
void save_scores_to_file(Student* students, int n) {
FILE* file = fopen("scores.txt", "wb");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("无法打开文件！n");
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
fprintf(file, "%s %d
", students[i].name, students[i].score);
}
fclose(file);
}
void load_scores_from_file(Student* students, int* n) {
FILE* file = fopen("scores.txt", "
